Screening Elite Genotypes of Durum Wheat Based on Univariate and Multivariate Stability Models under Unpredictable Environments
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Background: As one of the most influential cereals, wheat is among the most important food sources in Asian countries, including Iran, which has more cultivated area than other plant crops in Iran.Durum wheat is a type of tetraploid wheat that is particularly important for use in the food industry, especially pasta production.Durum wheat is a good source of dietary fiber, protein, and a wide range of vitamins and minerals such as iron, magnesium, and B vitamins, making it a healthy and nutritious food.This product also has a special economic importance for Iran and is a strategic product that has a significant impact on the country's agricultural economy.Based on the stability and productivity of plants in changing environmental conditions, plant breeders can develop products that are more flexible and have good stability even in the face of climate change and other environmental challenges.The upcoming study aims to investigate the durum wheat genotypes produced by Iranian breeders and their response to environmental changes to make it possible to introduce these genotypes as cultivars that can be planted by farmers .Methods: To verify the feasibility of introducing new durum wheat varieties with high yields and stable performance in different environmental conditions, 18 genotypes of durum wheat along with two control varieties (Hana and Parsi) were studied in four crop years at the research station of the Agricultural Research and Training Center and The natural resources of Kermanshah Province (Islamabad West Agricultural Research Station) based on a completely randomized block design in three replications and four consecutive years from 2013 to 2016.After adjusting the data, composite variance analysis was performed considering year × genotype in relation to grain yield.Due to the significance of the genotype × environment interaction effect, the averages were compared for genotypes and the environment, as well as for their interaction, and stability analysis was calculated by univariate and multivariate methods.The univariate methods included environmental variance parameters (S2), coefficient of environmental changes related to all investigated environments (CV), Rick's equivalence (W2), Shukla's stability variance (Shukla-Var), regression coefficients based on the Eberhart-Russell model to analyze the genotype × environment interaction effect on the regression components (b), the standard error value or deviation from the regression line in the Eberhart-Russell model (Sd), and the explanatory coefficient value of the regression model in the Eberhart-Russell model (R2).Moreover, multivariate methods, including the AMMI method, the GGE method, and the heat mapping method, were used to analyze the stability of genotypes.SAS software was used for calculations related to composite analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean comparison.Univariate stability calculations were done using the codes written by the authors in the matrix language of SAS software, which is known as Interactive Matrix Language.R software and the agricolae library were used for calculations related to multivariate methods in AMMI and GGE models.Heat mapping was also done in R software with the ggcorrplot library .Results: The composite ANOVA in this research showed the significance of the main effects of genotype and environment alone and the genotype × environment interaction effect in grain yield.Due to the significant genotype × environment interaction effect, the response of genotypes to different environments is different.Thus, analysis of stability was carried out by univariate and multivariate methods to allow for the introduction of new durum cultivars with high potential in terms of grain yield and production stability in different environments.The heat mapping results showed that this method could separate the three environmental groups
Source: Surūsh javān.
Authors: Sharyar Sasani, Armin Saed-Moucheshi
Institution: Agricultural Research & Education Organization
Language: English
Topic: Genetics and Plant Breeding
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4410121817