Work

Exploring the importance of environmental justice variables for predicting energy burden in the contiguous United States

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The United States is one of the largest energy consumers per capita, requiring households to have adequate energy expenditures to keep up with modern demand regardless of financial cost. This paper investigates energy burden, defined as the ratio of household energy expenditures to household income. There is a lack of research on creating equitable policies for energy-burdened communities, including environmental justice indicators and community characteristics that could be used to predict and understand energy burden, along with socioeconomic status, building characteristics, and power outages, beneficial to policymakers, engineers, and advocates. Here, generalized additive models and random forests are explored for energy burden prediction using the original dataset and principal components, followed by a leave-one-column-out (LOCO) analysis to investigate indicator influence, with 25 identical indicators out of 42 appearing in the top 100 models. The generalized additive models generally outperform the random forests, with the best-performing model yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.92.

Source: iScience

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112559

Authors: Jasmine Garland, Kyri Baker, Balaji Rajagopalan, Ben Livneh

Institutions: University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

Language: English

Topic: Environmental Justice and Health Disparities

Subfield: Sociology and Political Science

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Reduced inequalities, Affordable and clean energy, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,240