Work

Optimising Embodied Carbon in Axial Tension Piles: A Comparative Study of Concrete, Steel, and Timber Piles Using a Hybrid Genetic Approach

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The construction industry is a major contributor to the global climate crisis, prompting increasing interest in minimising the embodied carbon of structures, whether through material production regulations or the optimisation of structural elements. While a wide body of literature addresses the reduction of embodied carbon in superstructures, limited attention has been devoted to the optimisation of foundations, particularly piles. This research introduces a hybrid genetic algorithm optimisation tool designed to minimise the embodied carbon of tension piles in different soil conditions. Six different pile types are analysed: solid and hollow concrete piles, steel pipes, universal column (UC) sections, and timber piles in both square and circular forms. The optimal design parameters for each pile type on undrained clay and loose sand are presented and compared. The results demonstrate the potential for reducing the embodied carbon of tension piles when utilising optimised designs. Finally, a case study involving an 8-metre-high cross-road signpost is presented, illustrating the practical application of the proposed optimisation algorithm for reducing embodied carbon in future designs.

Source: Materials

DOI: 10.3390/ma18092160

Authors: Kareem Abushama, Will Hawkins, Loizos Pelecanos, Tim Ibell

Institution: University of Bath

Language: English

Topic: Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics

Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Climate action, Responsible consumption and production, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Sustainable cities and communities

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137