Work

Teclistamab Dosing in Responders: Modeling and Simulation Results from the MajesTEC-1 Study in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Based on the phase I/II MajesTEC-1 study, the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and cluster of differentiation (CD)3 bispecific antibody, teclistamab, is approved for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg weekly (QW), with the option to switch to 1.5 mg/kg every other week (Q2W) in patients maintaining complete response (CR) or better for ≥ 6 months on the QW schedule. We report the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and anticancer activity of teclistamab 1.5 mg/kg Q2W, and the PK of teclistamab 3 mg/kg every 4 weeks (Q4W), on the basis of modeling and simulation results from MajesTEC-1. Teclistamab PK was assessed using a population PK approach. Exposure–response analysis was based on individual estimated teclistamab serum trough concentration (Ctrough). The impact of responders switching to Q2W teclistamab dosing on the formation of the key pharmacological species that drive the mechanism of action of teclistamab (i.e., the trimer formed by simultaneous engagement of teclistamab with BCMA on target multiple myeloma cells and CD3 on effector T cells) was estimated using a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model. Additionally, steady-state teclistamab PK and trimer was simulated for the 1.5 mg/kg Q2W and Q4W (3 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg) doses. Median estimated teclistamab serum Ctrough was lower after the first and fourth Q2W doses (14.4 and 11.7 µg/mL, respectively) than after QW doses (20.4 µg/mL) but remained above the 90% maximal effective concentration. No statistically significant exposure–response trend was observed for duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival, or overall survival in responders who switched to teclistamab 1.5 mg/kg Q2W dosing. Despite the lower teclistamab serum Ctrough, the QSP model estimated comparable target cell–biologics–effector cell (TBE) trimer formation, tumor volume reduction, and DOR for responders switching to 1.5 mg/kg Q2W dosing versus not switching. Steady-state exposure metrics and trimer formation with teclistamab 3 mg/kg Q4W were estimated to be comparable with those at 1.5 mg/kg Q2W. MajesTEC-1 modeling and simulation results, which contributed to the teclistamab label update, support the approved switch to teclistamab 1.5 mg/kg Q2W in patients maintaining ≥ CR for ≥ 6 months on the QW dose, without negatively impacting clinical efficacy. In addition, it is estimated that the 3 mg/kg Q4W schedule will provide maintenance of response comparable with the 1.5 mg/kg Q2W schedule. Teclistamab 3 mg/kg Q4W dosing will be evaluated in > 800 patients in three phase III studies in early line RRMM (MajesTEC-3, MajesTEC-9, and MonumenTAL-6) and in 100 patients in RRMM in the phase I MajesTEC-10 study. NCT03145181 (phase I, 9 May 2017); NCT04557098 (phase II, 21 September 2020). Teclistamab is used to treat patients with multiple myeloma (a type of cancer in white blood cells) who have relapsed following failure of prior treatment. In patients who achieve and maintain a deep clinical response (complete response or better for at least 6 months) with weekly teclistamab, a dosing schedule of teclistamab every other week can be implemented. We used results from the MajesTEC-1 study to look more closely at patients switching from weekly teclistamab to teclistamab given every other week, using different types of computer models and simulations to see how the dose switch affected the amount of teclistamab in the blood and estimate how well teclistamab was likely to work. We found that even though patients who were in a deep response had less teclistamab in their blood after switching from weekly dosing to dosing every other week, it was still sufficient to help them maintain the response they had on weekly teclistamab. Teclistamab every other week was also estimated to be as effective at suppressing myeloma cell regrowth in patients maintaining their response for at least 6 months as it was in those who remained on weekly dosing. Separately, our model estimated that teclistamab given at 3 mg/kg every 4 weeks may provide similar maintenance of response to the 1.5 mg/kg dose given every other week. Overall, our results show that switching to teclistamab every other week in patients who maintain a response for at least 6 months preserves the benefits seen with the weekly dose.

Source: Targeted Oncology

DOI: 10.1007/s11523-025-01149-1