Graft biopsy reimagined: Integrating morphology and molecular maps
Year: 2025
Type: editorial
Abstract: Gene expression profiling assays for core biopsies were developed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of Banff histological assessments, limited by inter-observer variability and low resolution in grading acute and chronic lesions.1 Pioneered by Halloran’s group, this approach led to the creation of the Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System (MMDx), which identifies rejection phenotypes and provides continuous probabilistic scores for parenchymal injury and rejection1. MMDx has been used to complement histology, calibrate biomarkers, and serve as an endpoint in AMR clinical trials.
Authors: Umberto Maggiore, Paolo Cravedi
Institutions: University of Parma, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Language: English
Subfield: Transplantation
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,300
OpenAlex ID: W4410221409