Extracellular vesicles in cancer immunotherapy: Therapeutic, challenges and clinical progress
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate. Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions, especially cancer. Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs, their therapeutic applications (such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies, including vaccines), diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers, ongoing EV-based clinical trials, and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy.
Authors: Hamed Manoochehri, Anita S. La'ah, Ali Babaeizad, Mohsen Sheykhhasan, Mohadeseh Rostamipoor, Mahdiyeh Abbaspoor, Fariba Nikravesh, Samira Mozaffari Khosravi, Hanie Mahaki, Hamid Tanzadehpanah, Piao Yang
Institutions: Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Academia Sinica, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4410236168