Work

Double crown during drop impact on an immiscible shallow pool

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The Edgerton crown is an iconic manifestation of drop impact splashing, with its prominent cylindrical edge decorated with detaching droplets. Herein, we identify the formation of an intriguing double-crown, when a high-viscosity drop impacts on a shallow pool of a lower-viscosity immiscible liquid. High-speed imaging shows that after the initial fine horizontal ejecta sheet, the first inner crown emerges vertically from the film liquid. This is followed by the second crown which forms near the outer base of the first crown, as the tip of the horizontally spreading viscous drop approaches the outer free surface. Axisymmetric numerical simulations, using the volume-of-fluid method with adaptive grid refinement, show that the flow squeezed out between the viscous drop and the solid surface, generates two counter-rotating vortex rings, which travel radially outwards together and drive out the second crown through the free surface. The bottom vortex emerges from the separated boundary layer at the solid wall, while the top one detaches from the underside of the viscous drop. We map out the narrow parameter regime, where this ephemeral structure emerges, in terms of viscosity ratio, impact velocity and film thickness.

Source: Journal of Fluid Mechanics

DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2025.108

Authors: Abdulrahman B. Aljedaani, Muhammad F. Afzaal, Kenneth R. Langley, Zi Qiang Yang, S.T. Thoroddsen

Institutions: Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Language: English

Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer

Subfield: Computational Mechanics

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,550

Funder: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology