Work

Examining green and chemical methods for zero-valent iron nanoparticle synthesis in heavy metal adsorption

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The increasing concern over heavy metal contamination in water has necessitated the development of sustainable and efficient treatment methods. This study compares two synthesis approaches for zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) for cadmium, chromium, and arsenic removal: chemical reduction using sodium borohydride and green synthesis utilizing cocoa husk extracts combined with hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Chemically synthesized nZVI exhibited high initial removal efficiencies (>98%), though desorption effects occurred over time due to particle aging. In contrast, green-synthesized nZVI, stabilized by a carbon matrix, maintained consistent removal efficiencies above 98% for 120 hours under acidic conditions, showcasing superior stability and reactivity. Characterization through SEM, EDS, and XRD confirmed the dual mechanisms of metal removal: reduction and adsorption facilitated by the Fe(0) core and oxide layers. While experimental conditions were optimized for each synthesis method, the findings highlight the promise of green-synthesized nZVI as a sustainable alternative for heavy metal remediation. Future studies should explore adsorption isotherms and long-term applications to further validate the scalability and efficacy of these materials.

Source: Water Cycle

DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.05.003

Authors: Juan Ferro-Falla, Lewis S. Rowles, Farith Diaz Arriaga, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle

Institutions: Universidad de Los Andes, Georgia Southern University, EIA University

Language: English

Topic: Environmental remediation with nanomaterials

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Clean water and sanitation, Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,100