Work

External PIM Modeling in FDD MIMO

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: In this paper, a physical approach is proposed to describe external (air-induced) passive intermodulation (PIM) for a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with an arbitrary number of transceiver chains. It is caused by metallic objects with nonlinear characteristics (“rusty bolt” effect) located near the base station (fence, billboard). PIM penetrates the antenna receiving chain and degrades the uplink signal. Generally, PIM cancellation in MIMO systems represents a complicated task that traditionally requires numerous hardware experiments in numerous environment setups. We present a novel approach for replacing experiments with full-cycle physical modeling of external PIM in the MIMO system. The proposed model includes all steps starting from the generation of transmitting signals through the electromagnetic modeling of the antenna array and open space to a set of variable nonlinear sources and back to the receivers. Its performance was validated with synthetic signals equivalent to the measured data in the literature. Thus, this work contributes to more efficient PIM generation by decreasing the number of hardware experiments while increasing the diversity of PIM scenarios, especially for large MIMO systems and multiple PIM sources of any nature.

Source: IEEE Access

DOI: 10.1109/access.2025.3570224

Authors: Stanislav Krikunov, Viacheslav Zemlyakov, Andrey Ivanov

Institutions: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Southern Federal University

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,075

Funder: Russian Science Foundation