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Women and Guilds in a Growing Economy: The Case of Lima, Peru

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This article examines the role of women in the guild system of Lima, Peru, during the nineteenth century. Using data from the guild system of Lima between 1838 and 1859, it shows that women participated in a variety of guilds, primarily in retail trade and food manufacturing. Most women were not part of the guilds of merchants and professionals. A social stratification analysis reveals that women in guilds were concentrated at the lower end of the income distribution, with very few reaching the highest social classes. As the economy of Lima expanded during the Guano Era, enterprises had opportunities to grow and enter profitable sectors. However, women did not advance into the most lucrative sectors of the economy, with most remaining in the lowest social classes.

Source: Social Science History

DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2025.22

Author: Luis Felipe Zegarra

Institution: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

Language: English

Topic: Historical Economic and Social Studies

Subfield: Economics and Econometrics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Reduced inequalities, Decent work and economic growth, Gender equality, No poverty

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,550