The Mutational Landscape in Polycythemia Vera: Phenotype, Genotype, and Prognostic Correlates
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: ABSTRACT Polycythemia vera (PV) is invariably associated with a JAK2 mutation, with over 50% of patients harboring additional non‐JAK2 mutations. In the current study, 319 patients with PV underwent NGS at diagnosis or in chronic phase PV (Group A: N = 270, 85%) or at the time of fibrotic (Group B; N = 37, 12%) or leukemic (Group C; N = 12, 4%) transformation. Mutational frequencies involving TP53/SRSF2/IDH1/U2AF1 were significantly (p < 0.05) different between patients in the mutually exclusive Groups A (2%/4%/2%/0.4%), B (8%/0%/0%/5%), and C (50%/25%/17%/8%). Analyses on phenotype/genotype associations and prognostic impact on overall (OS), leukemia‐free (LFS), and myelofibrosis‐free (MFFS) survival were limited to Group A patients. ASXL1MUT was associated with younger age (p < 0.01), SRSF2MUT with older age and leukocytosis (p < 0.01), and TP53MUT with leukocytosis (p < 0.01). Mutation co‐segregation was apparent between ASXL1 and IDH2 (p < 0.01) or SRSF2 (p < 0.01), SRSF2 and IDH2 (p < 0.01), and TP53 and NRAS (p = 0.01). Multivariable analysis identified SRSF2MUT (p < 0.01; HR, 4.2, 1.9–9.5), IDH2MUT (p = 0.01; HR, 5.3, 1.8–15.3), ASXL1MUT (p = 0.04; HR, 2.0, 1.1–3.7), leukocyte count ≥ 15 × 109/L (p < 0.01; HR 2.0, 1.3–3.1), and advanced age (p < 0.01) as risk factors for OS. Median OS in the presence (N = 235; 87%) or absence (N = 35; 13%) of any adverse mutation (i.e., SRSF2MUT, ASXL1MUT, or IDH2MUT) was 8.8 versus 17.8 years (p = 0.01; HR 1.8, 1.1–2.9). In addition, ASXL1MUT (p = 0.02; HR, 1.6–24.9), SRSF2MUT (p = 0.06; HR, 11.9, 1.1–126.2), and advanced age (p = 0.04) were associated with inferior LFS, and SRSF2MUT (p < 0.01; HR, 24.0, 5.5–103.8) and abnormal karyotype (p < 0.01; HR 3.8, 1.6–8.9) with inferior MFFS. The number of non‐JAK2 mutations was significant in predicting outcome in univariate but not multivariable analysis. The observations from the current study highlight the prognostic significance of non‐JAK2 mutations in PV and the prospect of their inclusion in future prognostic models.
Source: American Journal of Hematology
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27717
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4410403471