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Allogeneic, Xenogeneic, and Exogenic Hearts for Transplantation

Year: 2025
Type: review
Abstract: The only curative therapy for end-stage heart failure is orthotopic allogeneic heart transplantation. This therapy has extended the survival of patients worldwide but is limited due to the scarcity of donor organs. Potential alternative donor sources of organs for transplantation include genetically-modified (GM) large animal donors (ie, xenografts) and human organs developed in large animal hosts. These strategies utilize gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies to engineer partially or completely humanized organs. Preclinical xenotransplantation studies of GM pig hearts into baboons have already provided an important clinical foundation, as two patients have received cardiac xenografts from GM pigs and have survived for up to 2 months. Additional issues need to be addressed in order for patients to survive more than 1 year, which would make these strategies clinically applicable. Thus, in combination with immunosuppression agents, xenogeneic and exogenic organ sources hold tremendous promise for an unlimited and transformative supply of organs for transplantation.
DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1590
Authors: Daniel J. Garry, Mary G. Garry, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Hideki Masaki, David H. Sachs, Joshua I. Weiner, Daniel Reichart, Eckhard Wolf
Institutions: University of Minnesota, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Stanford Medicine, Institute of Science Tokyo, The University of Tokyo, Stanford University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Columbia University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Language: English
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: diamond
Funders: U.S. Department of Defense, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Fondation Leducq, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Awards: G1285497715, HUMANIZED CARDIOVASCULAR ORGANS IN GENE EDITED PIGS, G1431275425, G2391404755, Xenogenic and exogenic pig organs for transplantation into humans, Modulating HSC-niche interactions to understand aging and improve transplantation, G8835749934, Exogenic organs in gene edited pigs
OpenAlex ID: W4410414523
FWCI: 0.99
Cites: 55
Cited by: 4
Related to: 10