Work

Synthesis of novel hexahydroquinolines and evaluation of their antibacterial effects on bacteria inducing skin wound infections, accompanied by quantum mechanical calculations

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study aims to synthesize new hexahydroquinolines using N -aminophthalimide and investigate their properties on bacteria that cause infection in cutaneous wounds. For this purpose, a one-pot multicomponent reaction involving N -aminophthalimide, dimedone, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol solvent and at room temperature using small amounts of zirconium oxynitrate hydrate (ZrO(NO 3 ) 2 .2H 2 O) and triethylamine catalysts was used, and the effect of the obtained products on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Stenobacter baumannii was investigated. FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and elemental analysis were used to confirm the structure of the products. The results of the well diffusion test determined that the obtained products did not show any antibacterial activity against bacteria, but in MIC and MBC tests, the synthesized compounds showed higher antibacterial activity than antibiotics. In this way, the antibacterial properties of the desired compounds were successfully investigated and confirmed. Density Functional Theory (DFT) was utilized to perform quantum theoretical calculations for six structures of hexahydroquinoline derivatives. For these derivatives in the ground state, chemical shift calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy data for 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR were computed and compared with experimental results. Theoretical computations were conducted to analyze the frontier molecular orbitals and thermodynamic characteristics of the derivatives. DFT calculations (B3LYP/6–311 + G**) corroborated experimental data, showing <3 % deviation in IR frequencies and strong correlation for NMR chemical shifts (R 2 > 0.98). Frontier molecular orbital analysis identified compound 5 f as the most stable (HOMO-LUMO gap = 0.0787 eV) and least reactive, consistent with its superior antibacterial performance. These results demonstrate the dual utility of combined synthesis and computational modeling in developing heterocyclic antibiotics. The results indicated a strong agreement between the theoretical and experimental findings. • Hexahydroquinolines. • N -aminophthalimide. • Antibacterial Effects. • Bacteria Inducing Skin Wound Infections. • Quantum Mechanical.

Source: Results in Chemistry

DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102357

Authors: Fateme Khojaste, Nahid Shajari, Parvin Eskandari, Mohammad Reza Farahpour, Hooriye Yahyaei

Institutions: Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Islamic Azad University of Urmia

Language: English

Topic: Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles

Subfield: Organic Chemistry

Field: Chemistry

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,870