Determination of Caffeine in Energy Drinks Using a Composite Modified Sensor Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: A new voltammetric sensor (BDDE/Nafion@Fe3O4/BiF) was fabricated by applying a nanocomposite drop of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in Nafion onto the polished boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) surface. Then, after drying (5 min at room temperature), the electrode was electrochemically modified with bismuth film (BiF) during in situ analysis. The Nafion@Fe3O4/BiF modification of the BDDE contributes to the acquisition of the highest differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPAdSV) signals of caffeine (CAF) due to the improvement of electron transfer and the increase in the number of active sites on which CAF can be adsorbed. The DPAdSV signals exhibited a linearly varied oxidation peak with the CAF concentration range between 0.5 and 10,000 nM, leading to the 0.043 and 0.14 nM detection and quantification limits, respectively. The practical applicability of the DPAdSV procedure using the BDDE/Nafion@Fe3O4/BiF was positively confirmed with commercially available energy drinks.
Source: Molecules
Institution: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,258
OpenAlex ID: W4410521847