Work

Acetazolamide-Loaded Nanoparticle Based on Modified Hyaluronic Acid as Delivery System to Target Carbonic Anhydrases in Escherichia coli

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Acetazolamide (AZA) is a validated carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) that has the potential for use in various therapeutic applications. Herein, we report a novel AZA-loaded biodegradable nanodelivery system that was proven to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of the drug against Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. Carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) in E. coli play a crucial role in bacterial metabolism and CO2/HCO3− balance; therefore, they represent a suitable target for antimicrobial strategies. The nanoparticles were obtained using a green synthetic protocol that allowed conjugation of a natural fatty acid to hyaluronic acid (HA) under solvent-free conditions. Full characterization of the micellar aggregates was performed (diameter of the micelles, zeta potential, and drug release study). In vitro studies demonstrated that AZA loaded in HA-based nanoparticles significantly inhibited E. coli growth at concentrations as low as 0.5 µg/mL, whereas higher concentrations of free AZA were required, as previously reported. Additionally, encapsulated AZA disrupted glucose consumption in E. coli, indicating its profound impact on bacterial metabolism. These findings suggest that the HA–palmitate nanoparticle not only enhances the delivery and efficacy of AZA but also offers a strategy to affect bacterial metabolism.

Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104908

Authors: Valentina Verdoliva, Viviana De Luca, Claudiu T. Supuran, Stefania De Luca, Clemente Capasso

Institutions: National Research Council, Institute of Crystallography, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, University of Florence, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging

Language: English

Topic: Enzyme function and inhibition

Subfield: Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,499