Prevalence and Effects of Bullying among Learners in the Hinterlands of Southwest II District, Cagayan de Oro
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Bullying has profound short-term and long-term effects on those involved, including victims, bullies, and even bystanders. This study examined the prevalence and effects of bullying among learners in Southwest II District, Division of Cagayan de Oro City, for the School Year 2023-2024. Using a descriptive-correlational method, data were gathered from 170 learners through a researcher-made questionnaire, employing Slovin’s Formula, stratified random sampling, and simple random sampling. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation, T-test, and F-test were used for analysis. Findings indicated a low prevalence of bullying, with emotional bullying being the most common, while the effects were high, particularly in academic performance. A significant relationship was found between bullying prevalence and its effects, with variations based on learners’ profiles, except for grade level and sex. The study emphasizes the urgent need for anti-bullying strategies in schools, including fostering positive social interactions and proactive interventions to mitigate bullying behaviors.
Authors: Zenny B. Escosura, Nora C. Narido
Institution: PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College
Language: English
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4410600083