Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and non-edible M. oleifera oil utilizing a CaO/CuFe₂O₄/LaTiO₃ Perovskite@Na bifunctional heterogeneous nanocatalyst
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT In this study, CaO derived from eggshell waste was modified with magnetic nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄) and LaTiO₃ Perovskite@Na to serve as a bifunctional magnetic nanocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis from Moringa oleifera oil (MoO) and waste cooking oil (WCO). The nanocatalyst demonstrated specific surface area and magnetic saturation of 19.059 m²/g and 12.501 emu/g, respectively, with XRD and AFM analyses indicating a crystalline structure with rough surface texture. The study utilized response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD) to optimize critical independent variables, such as nanocatalyst concentration, reaction time, methanol-to-oil ratio, and reaction temperature, with the goal of maximizing biodiesel yield. The second-order polynomial model showed high accuracy in predicting biodiesel yield, with strong F-values, low p-values, and minimal Lack of Fit errors. Optimal conditions for biodiesel production were established as a methanol-to-oil ratio around 16.4-16.918, a nanocatalyst dose of approximately 2.4-2.541 wt.%, reaction times between 153-172 minutes, and temperatures around 64-68.8 °C. Reusability tests confirmed the catalyst's durability across multiple cycles, with E-factor values indicating an eco-friendly process. FTIR analyses validated the successful biodiesel synthesis, with properties conforming to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,350
Award: G5091968628
OpenAlex ID: W4410629505