Work

Effect of downstream water level on operation features of a dropshaft-–tunnel system

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study investigated the operation features of a dropshaft-tunnel system under varying downstream water levels through a large-scale physical model. In the experiments, the air pressure distribution in the system was measured, and the flow pattern was recorded by cameras. The results revealed that the air pressure in the dropshaft increased with increasing water flow rate under free outflow conditions but changed little when the outflow was submerged, even when the flow rate further increased. Additionally, there was a wavy flow in the tunnel under free outflow conditions, whereas plug flow with air pockets occurred under submerged outflow conditions. The downstream water level was found to affect the system through changing the linkage between the dropshaft and tunnel and the resistance to air release downstream. The findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the operation of deep tunnel systems.

Source: Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters

DOI: 10.1016/j.taml.2025.100600

Authors: Nian Ye, Zhaolin Zheng, Yiyi Ma

Institution: Zhejiang University

Language: English

Topic: Hydraulic flow and structures

Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,200