A multi-stage algorithm based on data structure to deal challenges facing electric-supply restoration in smart grids
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: A combined multi-stage algorithm is proposed and built to handle thirteen challenges along with electrical constraints that face electric-supply restoration in smart grids. The challenges include maximization of the number of recovered out-of-service healthy loads, avoiding in-service load shedding, occurrence of multi-simultaneous faults, minimization of total power loss, sequence consideration of commanded switches, minimization of number of switches receiving order, reducing restoration time, independency on system size and achieving self-healing. The electrical constraints include branch current capacity, voltage limits, load priority and system radiality. These challenges are discussed in five stages, each stage represents a step in dealing with these challenges and electrical constraints. The proposed algorithm is aimed at minimizing the energy-not-supplied by minimizing number of out-of-service healthy downstream loads in a tree exposed to a permanent single fault or multi-simultaneous faults without violating the electrical constraints. The proposed algorithm is independent on distribution system size and its restoration time lies within 190-199 ms. The proposed algorithm is tested under IEEE 16-bus, IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus distribution systems for all maneuvering fault processes. The proposed algorithm achieves 100% self-healing capability under a single fault maneuvering processes against 95.8%, 98.3% and 97. 8% satisfaction of self-healing condition under exposure to two, three and four multi-simultaneous faults, respectively. The proposed algorithm showed better performance compared to other algorithms reported in the literature as regards as capability of self-healing, efficiency, restoration time and number of considered challenges.
Source: Results in Engineering
Institutions: October 6 University, Assiut University
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,940
OpenAlex ID: W4410635389