Work

LoRa for multihop communication in internet of underground things under fading environments

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This paper investigates the suitability of LoRa wireless technology for reliable underground-to-aboveground communication in the context of sustainable agricultural monitoring. We comprehensively analyze LoRa’s performance in single-hop and multi-hop scenarios, considering complex environmental conditions and path loss. Mathematical expressions for the bit error rate (BER) are derived under both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading, including multi-hop networks with decode-and-forward relays. Simulations under realistic Rayleigh fading scenarios validate our theoretical models. Our findings demonstrate that multi-hop LoRa networks significantly outperform single-hop systems in challenging underground environments, underscoring LoRa’s potential for enhancing sustainability in various subterranean Internet of Underground Things (IoUT) agricultural applications.

Source: Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems

DOI: 10.1016/j.iotcps.2025.05.001

Authors: Irfana Ilyas Jameela Manzil, Ruhul Amin Khalil, Nasir Saeed

Institution: United Arab Emirates University

Language: English

Topic: IoT Networks and Protocols

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: diamond

Funder: United Arab Emirates University