Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The concept of ‘apal’, or envy, plays a significant role in shaping individuals' self-perception and emotional well-being within society. Rooted in social comparison and external expectations, ‘apal’ often leads to self-deprivation, where individuals diminish their sense of worth and potential. This study explores how ‘apal’ influences self-deprivation through emotional experiences such as shame and anxiety, and how societal expectations, peer comparisons, and social media amplify these effects. Using an ethnographic research design, this qualitative study was conducted in Paoay, Atok, Benguet. Data were gathered from 15 participants through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Thematic analysis was used to interpret patterns related to ‘apal’, self-deprivation, and identity formation. Findings reveal that ‘apal’ is primarily driven by social comparisons and societal pressures, leading to emotional distress, diminished self-worth, and identity loss. Participants also identified strategies to cope, including authentic self-expression, resilience, and balancing societal expectations. The influence of ‘apal’ is guided by relational dynamics and is further explained through Relational Theory, Self-Presentation Theory, Social Identity Theory, and the Looking-Glass Self. ‘Apal’ fosters a cycle of comparison, emotional struggle, and self-deprivation. By understanding its relational and societal roots, this study highlights the need to foster environments that support authenticity, mental well-being, and reduced social comparison.
Author: Eden Kate Aniban Guilabo
Institution: Benguet State University
Language: English
Topic: Emotions and Moral Behavior
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4410717814