Work

Short-term pre-meal whey protein microgel supplementation reduces postprandial glycemia and appetite in adults with overweight: An open-label randomised controlled trial

Year: 2025

Type: article

Study designs: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial

Abstract: Background Premeal whey protein (WP) consumption may reduce postprandial glucose (PPG) levels and appetite. We assessed the effects of twice daily consumption of a low-dose non-gelling novel WP formulation (WP microgel [WPM]) on PPG, self-reported appetite, and ad-libitum food consumption. Methods This was a randomized, prospective, open-label, controlled, single-center crossover study, and adults with BMI 27-35 kg/m 2 were randomized to consume either 125 mL of 10 g WPM or control (water) 15 min before breakfast and lunch for four consecutive days. Three days were under free-living conditions, and the 4 th day was at the clinic where breakfast (09:00 AM) was standardized (323 kcal, 7.0 g proteins), and lunch (12:00 PM) ad-libitum (pizza, 228.8 kcal/9.9 g proteins per 100 g). Following a 3-day wash-out, participants were switched to the opposite regimen. The primary confirmatory endpoint was breakfast 2h-PPG (assessed using CGM) analyzed as iAUC -15-120min using a linear mixed effects model. Appetite was captured by frequent self-reporting (hunger, desire, amount, fullness, satisfaction) using a visual analogue scale (0-100 mm). Ad-libitum food consumption (lunch) was assessed by weighing the amount consumed. Result 18 individuals (8 females, median age 57 years, BMI 29.8 kg/m 2 , HbA1c 5.5%) were randomized and consumed products. The breakfast 2h-PPG iAUC was 39.3% lower with WPM compared with control (LSM iAUC Ratio WPM/control (95% CI): 0.607 [0.4 43, 0.831], p=0.0047), and during lunch numerically reduced (p=0.0649). Appetite scores during breakfast and lunch supported a modest suppressing effect of the WPM. Food consumption during the ad-libitum lunch was significantly reduced by 9.4% (WPM vs Control -66.8 kcal [-133.1, -0.6], p=0.0482). Conclusions A 125 mL pre-meal dose of WPM consumed twice daily before breakfast and lunch for 4 days in adults with obesity significantly reduced breakfast PPG and had a moderate appetite-suppressing effect, which led to a significantly lower energy consumption during ad-libitum lunch (NCT06593769).

Source: Obesity Pillars

DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100183