Work

XTar: entropy-based target expansion for high density gaze-based interfaces

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Due to the low accuracy and noisy data of common eye trackers, virtual gaze-activated targets used for gaze interaction tend to be large, so they can be easily fixated and selected. Therefore, a full-size virtual keyboard with 30 to 40 keys may take a large portion of the screen space. If one simply reduces the keyboard size into a higher density interface, selections would become unreliable. In this paper we present XTar, an expandable target interface that uses an entropy-based algorithm to expand and improve the robustness of target selection in high density interfaces. Results from a pilot user experiment show that typing using a dwell-time linear XTar keyboard is as fast as a 3 row QWERTY keyboard with fixed size keys, with similar low error rate, using about 1/3 of the QWERTY keyboard area.

Source: Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

DOI: 10.1145/3729408

Authors: Candy T Gonzales, Carlos H Morimoto

Institution: Universidade de São Paulo

Language: English

Topic: Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology

Subfield: Human-Computer Interaction

Field: Computer Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: bronze

Funders: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Awards: G233101189, Gaze-Based Interaction in Wearable Computing: an interface for the Internet of Things, G8262246763