Multiple Outbursts of Halley-type Comet 12P/Pons–Brooks
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: We present optical observations of the Halley-type comet 12P/Pons–Brooks (12P) on its approach to perihelion. The comet was active even in the first observations at ∼8 au. Starting at ∼4 au, 12P exhibited an extraordinary series of outbursts, in which the brightness changed by a factor up to 100 and the coma morphology transformed under the action of radiation pressure into a distinctive “horned” appearance. Individual outburst dust masses are several ×109 kg, with kinetic energies ∼1014 J, release times ∼104 s, and effective power ∼1010 W. These properties are most consistent with, although do not definitively establish, an origin by the crystallization of amorphous water ice with the related release of trapped supervolatile gases. This interpretation is supported by the observation that the specific outburst energy and the specific crystallization energy are comparable (both ∼105 J kg−1).
Source: The Astronomical Journal
Authors: David Jewitt, Jane Luu
Institutions: University of California, Los Angeles, University of Oslo
Language: English
Topic: Astro and Planetary Science
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,499
OpenAlex ID: W4410812952