Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The rising demand for safe, effective, and accessible contraceptive methods has led to comparative investigations between synthetic and herbal agents. Levonorgestrel, a synthetic progestin commonly used in emergency and oral contraceptives, is well-established for its potent ovulationinhibiting effects and high efficacy. However, prolonged use is often associated with side effects such as nausea, menstrual irregularities, and hormonal imbalances. In contrast, Solanum khasianum, a medicinal plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, contains steroidal alkaloids— particularly solasodine—which serve as precursors for the synthesis of steroidal contraceptives. This study aims to compare the contraceptive potential, mechanism of action, and safety profiles of levonorgestrel and Solanum khasianum extracts. Pharmacological evaluation was conducted using both in vitro and in vivo models to assess ovulation inhibition, endometrial changes, and hormonal modulation. Results demonstrated that Solanum khasianum exhibited significant antifertility activity through suppression of follicular maturation and alteration of the estrous cycle, albeit to a lesser degree than levonorgestrel. However, the herbal extract showed a lower incidence of systemic side effects and better biocompatibility. The study concludes that while levonorgestrel remains more potent and reliable for immediate contraception, Solanum khasianum holds promising potential as a natural alternative for long-term fertility regulation, especially in populations favoring herbal medicine. This comparative analysis emphasizes the importance of integrating herbal alternatives into reproductive health research, encouraging further investigation into formulation standardization, dose optimization, and long-term safety of Solanum khasianumbased contraceptive solutions.
Author: Prof. Dr. J. M. Abbas Sir
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4410824138