The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Diagnose Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes
Year: 2025
Type: editorial
Abstract: This consensus report evaluates the potential role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in screening for stage 2 type 1 diabetes (T1D). CGM offers a minimally invasive alternative to venous blood testing for detecting dysglycemia, facilitating early identification of at-risk individuals for confirmatory blood testing. A panel of experts reviewed current evidence and addressed key questions regarding CGM's diagnostic accuracy and screening protocols. They concluded that while CGM cannot yet replace blood-based diagnostics, it holds promise as a screening tool that could lead to earlier, more effective intervention. Metrics such as time above range >140 mg/dL could indicate progression risk, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based modeling may enhance predictive capabilities. Further research is needed to establish CGM-based diagnostic criteria and refine screening strategies to improve T1D detection and intervention.
Authors: Julia K. Mader, Jenise C. Wong, Guido Freckmann, Jose Garcia-Tirado, Irl B. Hirsch, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, David Kerr, Sun H. Kim, Rayhan Lal, Eslam Montaser, Holly O’Donnell, Stefan Pleus, Viral N. Shah, Alessandra T. Ayers, Cindy N. Ho, Torben Biester, Klemen Dovc, Farnoosh Farrokhi, Alexander Fleming, Pieter Gillard, Lutz Heinemann, Raquel López-Díez, David M. Maahs, Chantal Mathieu, Zoe Quandt, Birgit Rami-Merhar, Wendy Wolf, David C. Klonoff
Institutions: Medical University of Graz, University of California, San Francisco, Universität Ulm, Institut für Diabetes-Technologie (Germany), University of Bern, University Hospital of Bern, Diabetes Center Berne, University of Washington, Florida State University, Sutter Health, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Indiana University School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, University of Colorado Denver, Diabetes Technology Society, Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, KU Leuven, Breakthrough T1D, Medical University of Vienna, T1D Exchange, San Mateo Medical Center, Mills Peninsula Health Services
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4410890100