Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has significantly influenced Pakistan’s economic direction, primarily through its financial aid programs and economic structural reforms. Pakistan turned to IMF support six times from 2018 to 2024 in a bid to tackle chronic economic woes, including excessive external debt, plunging foreign exchange reserves, and structural inefficiencies. The IMF’s reform program has highlighted strengthening tax collection, eliminating energy subsidies, and creating a more competitive business environment. Nevertheless, these have encountered resistance primarily as a result of their socio-economic consequences, political restrictions, and concerns over their sustainability. Disputes between the IMF and Pakistan over the speed and scope of reforms have also significantly complicated the implementation of the program. Although some measures were taken to stabilize the economy, inflation, fiscal imbalances, and external vulnerabilities persist, showcasing the intricacies of IMF programs in Pakistan.
Authors: Mahnoor Tariq, Raheela Shafique
Institutions: University of the Punjab, Lahore College for Women University
Language: English
Subfield: Development
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4410928044