Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Inappropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture, livestock, and agriculture contributes significantly in the development of antimicrobial resistance. This study assessed antimicrobial residues and heavy metals in fish, water, and sediments within Nairobi County, Kenya. Eighteen (18) fish farms were visited and water (17), fish (11), and sediment (9) samples were collected. The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem double mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and ICP‐MS for antimicrobial residues and heavy metals, respectively. Thirteen (13) antimicrobial residues: trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, ampicillin, penicillin G, amoxicillin, and cloxacillin tested were detected in all three sample types at concentrations below the recommended maximum residue levels. The overall percentage of tetracylines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, beta‐lactams, and macrolides antibiotic residues classes positive in water, fish, and sediment samples were (94.12%, 100%, 100%), (94.12%, 100%, 100%), (100%, 100%, 100%), (35.29%, 9.09%, 33.33%), and (94.12%, 0%, 11.11%), respectively. The mean tetracylines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, beta‐lactams, and macrolides antibiotic residues classes concentrations in water, fish, and sediment samples were (2.38 ± 5.687, 5.04 ± 2.116, 17.81 ± 21.782 ppb), (0.19 ± 0.124, 1.83 ± 3.641, 3.26 ± 1.434 ppb), (0.68 ± 0.503, 1.80 ± 1.679, 14.46 ± 10.638 ppb), (0.25 ± 0.263, 1.80 ± 1.679, 2.26 ± 2.25 ppb), and (0.76 ± 0.719 ppb,
Source: Aquaculture Research
DOI: 10.1155/are/9275802
Language: English
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,700
OpenAlex ID: W4410940995