Year: 2025
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: Actuality. Low temperatures stimulate the mechanisms of human immunity, which is due to the influence of the pituitary gland on the thymus and adrenal glands, responsible for cellular and humoral immunity. For people who work outdoors, the prolonged action of moderate cold on the body is the most widespread form of hardening from a practical point of view. At the same time, cold air currents, directed towards certain segments of the body, such as the neck, shoulders, legs, present risk factors for human health, and it is necessary to avoid them. The procedures for hardening the body with the cold, correctly organized from a methodical point of view, are especially necessary for athletes, who, by virtue of the specific activity they carry out, are forced to permanently change their living environment, which requires high adaptation capabilities of the body to environmental conditions. Systematic hardening of the body could ensure the body's resistance to cold and better adaptation to environmental conditions, maintaining the health of the body. Hardening is not a long stay in a cold environment, but a short shock effect of external cold on the body, which stimulates the immune system and intensifies its activity. The effect of tempering the body with a certain factor is specific, that is, when systematically exposed to cold it becomes more resistant to old, and under the influence of heat - to heat. Simultaneously with the specific effects, the non-specific ones are manifested, expressed by improving the functional state of the organ systems, increasing the intellectual and physical work capacity, improving the neuropsychic balance, etc. The non-specific effect of hardening is expressed by increasing the general (non-specific) resistance of the organism to the action of a wide range of factors of the external and internal environment of the organism. The contrast shower is an effective method of stimulating metabolic processes in the body. These procedures increase the body's physical and intellectual work capacity, improve its physical and emotional state, and strengthen the state of health. Thus, under the action of hot water, the blood vessels of the skin dilate, and under the action of cold water - they narrow, that is, a permanent gymnastics of the peripheral arterioles takes place, which contributes to maintaining the tone of their muscular wall, to the prevention and treatment of neuroses vascular and hypertensive disease. Especially valuable are cold hardening procedures for students - athletes of USEFS who participate in practical sports lessons in specialized halls and in the open air, do swimming and tourism, which could positively influence their resistance to cold and effective adaptation to environmental conditions. The hypothesis of the work. We assumed that the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, who systematically take contrast showers, have a higher level of hardening of the body with the cold, compared to the students of the Faculty of Kinetotherapy, who do not harden with water, but attend sports classes. The purpose of the work: hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of the contrast shower in the adaptation of the students' bodies to the cold. Research methodology: 24 boys, of the same age, divided into 12 each, from the faculties of Kinetotherapy and Physical Education and Sport participated in the research; The researches were organized within the laboratory works at Hygiene, between October 10 and December 10; The boys from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport (EFS) during this period took a contrast shower every morning, 3-7 min each; Organization of the contrast shower: the procedure starts with warm water pleasant to the body (38 - 40C), so that it warms up well. We ensure the gradual increase in water temperature, staying under the hot shower for 1 min. Next, we make a sudden transition to cold water with a temperature of 12 - 15C, for a duration of 5-10 seconds. Then we turn on the hot water again. The procedures must be repeated no more than 5 times, and for beginners - 2 times. In all this time it is necessary to move actively. After the procedure, the body is intensively rubbed with a dry towel. To assess the body's resistance to cold and colds, as an indicator of health, we used M. Marșak's test. The result of the test allows to appreciate the dynamism of the adaptation reaction to different environmental conditions and, first of all, to low air temperature. After determining the duration of restoration of the initial temperature of the skin of the covered sector, we also fixed the frequency of cardiac contractions (FCC) of each student for 1 min. FCC information was obtained by palpating the radial artery for 15 sec, recalculating every minute. These results were used to establish the adaptive potential (PA) of students to the action of low temperatures. Working method. The examinee undresses to the waist and adapts to the room temperature for 20-30 min. Uncovered (for example: hands) and covered (back or chest) sectors of the body are chosen for investigation. The initial temperature of the skin on these sectors is determined, and then on them, successively, a metal bowl with a diameter of 3-4 cm and a height of 8-10 cm, filled with crushed ice, is applied. After 20-30 sec, the bowl is removed and the skin temperature is measured after applying ice. Skin temperature measurements are repeated until the initial skin temperature is restored. Determination of skin temperature was carried out with the electric thermometer ЕТП - 3М. The method of evaluating the results. The restoration of the initial temperature of the skin for 5 min after the application of ice denotes a good adaptation of the body to the cold; for 10 min - a satisfactory adaptation to the cold; over 10 min - lack of body adaptation to low temperatures. Adaptation is one of the main qualities of the human body, based on the available functional reserves, which, being raised, ensure the interaction between the body and the external environment. The activity of the cardiovascular system considerably limits the possibilities of adaptation to the conditions of existence, therefore we also determined the adaptive potential (PA) of each student, according to the formula: PA (conventional units) =1,239 + 0,09 x FCC where: FCC - frequency of heart contractions / min; 1,239 and 0,09 - coefficients The results were processed mathematically - statistically, establishing according to the formulas: the value of the arithmetic mean of the group - M; mean square deviation - sigma; the standard deviation of the mean values - m; parametric criterion: Student's t (for comparative analysis of experimental data).
DOI: 10.52449/soh23.35
Authors: Raisa Morosan, Ion Morosan
Institution: State University of Physical Education and Sport
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W4411017546