Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This review focuses on the nose-to-brain drug delivery system, a promising approach for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders by bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB prevents many therapeutic agents from reaching the brain, complicating treatments for diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, and other neurological disorders. By utilizing the nasal route, drugs can directly access the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways, ensuring more effective delivery while minimizing systemic side effects. The review discusses various drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles, which enhance drug solubility, targeting, and bioavailability. These systems are particularly suitable for nose-to-brain delivery, with nanotechnology playing a crucial role in overcoming biological barriers and ensuring sustained or controlled drug release. Despite these advancements, challenges like toxicity, scalability, and regulatory concerns remain. Preclinical models, including in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, are vital to understanding how drugs interact with the nasal mucosa and are transported to the brain. These models help optimize formulations and improve drug absorption and brain targeting. Looking ahead, advancements in delivery devices and formulations will be crucial for improving the efficiency and reliability of nasal drug delivery. Innovations such as stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, mucoadhesive formulations, and nasal in situ gels show promise in enhancing drug retention and controlled release. In conclusion, while nose-to-brain drug delivery offers great potential for treating CNS disorders, addressing challenges related to formulation, device development, and regulatory approval will be key to realizing it’s full of clinical potential
Authors: Naveen Kuamr D, Pavan Kumar J, Gayathri B, Babu Rao Ch
Language: English
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4411116169