Work

Comparative analysis of spatial patterns and driving factors of historic districts in the Chinese four ancient capitals

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The four ancient capitals of China—Beijing, Nanjing, Xi’an, and Luoyang—are rich in historical and cultural heritage. However, rapid urbanization poses significant challenges to conserving historic districts. This study analyzes their spatial patterns and driving factors across natural, economic, cultural, and ecological dimensions. Using single-factor analysis, hot and cold spot analysis, and optimal parameter probes, findings reveal that 63% of historic districts in Beijing, Nanjing, and Xi’an are concentrated in older urban cores, while peripheral areas exhibit fragmented, dispersed patterns. Luoyang with fewer historic districts, concentrated in specific areas. This study highlights driving factors influencing the spatial distribution of historic districts, historic sites, and cultural blocks. Economic factors predominantly shape spatial patterns, followed by ecological and natural influences, while cultural factors are particularly significant for cultural blocks. This study recommends strengthening regional protection, enhancing peripheral cultural conservation, integrating ecological restoration, and promoting multi-sector collaboration for sustainable historic district preservation.

Source: npj Heritage Science

DOI: 10.1038/s40494-025-01765-0

Authors: Jing Fan, Tianci Gu

Institutions: Xi'an Fanyi University, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology

Language: English

Topic: Urban Development and Cultural Heritage

Subfield: Urban Studies

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Sustainable cities and communities

Open Access status: hybrid

Funder: Xi'an Social Science Fund