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Characterization of Microbial Growth, Pathogen Presence, and Histamine Accumulation in Chilled Rainbow Trout and Mackerel Samples Collected from Romanian Markets

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate microbial growth, pathogen presence, and histamine production in rainbow trout and mackerel stored on flaked ice over their shelf life. A total of 72 fish samples (rainbow trout and mackerel) were analyzed across four storage intervals (day 1, 3, 9, 12/11) on flaked ice. TVC increased from 2.59 to 5.04 log cfu/g in rainbow trout and from 3.18 to 4.88 log cfu/g in mackerel over the storage period. Significant increases were observed in Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Enterobacteriaceae populations, especially after the ninth day. Microbial identification revealed spoilage-associated bacteria, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aeromonas salmonicida, as well as opportunistic pathogens, including Francisella tularensis, Yersinia spp., and Chromobacterium violaceum. Histamine levels rose with storage time but remained below toxic thresholds (<200 mg/kg), peaking at 1.56 mg/kg in trout and 1.87 mg/kg in mackerel. A strong positive correlation was found between TVC and histamine levels (Pearson’s r = 0.85 for trout, 0.82 for mackerel). Proper hygiene and storage are crucial, and consumption is recommended before day 9 of storage on flaked ice. Hygiene measures remain essential to minimize contamination risks and preserve product safety.

Source: Pathogens

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens14060580

Authors: Vida Silviu, Alexandra Tabaran, Oana Lucia Crişan Reget, Mihaela Niculina Duma, Luciana Cătălina Panait, Sorin Daniel Dan

Institution: University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca

Language: English

Topic: Meat and Animal Product Quality

Subfield: Animal Science and Zoology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Zero hunger

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,654