Work

Air toxins disorder the NF-kB Pathway leads to immune disorders and immune diseases in the human health

Year: 2025

Type: review

Abstract: Air pollution poses a significant global health threat, largely due to its role in triggering chronic inflammation through molecular pathways. Among these, The NF-κB signaling cascade, comprising nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer elements in B lymphocytes, serves as a pivotal regulator in orchestrating innate defense mechanisms against anthropogenic contaminants through transcriptional activation processes.This review explores how air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5), heavy metals, NF-κB signaling is activated by exposure to diesel exhaust, triggering the expression of inflammatory mediators including cytokines and chemokines with pro-inflammatory properties.The activation of this pathway involves upstream stimuli including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), Modified sentence：These processes serve to amplify pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Prolonged activation of the NF-κB pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders.cardiovascular conditions, and immune dysfunction. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and designing effective interventions. Strategies including the use of NF-κB inhibitors and public health regulations to reduce exposure are discussed as avenues for mitigating pollutant-induced inflammation and associated diseases.

Source: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118474