Relapses in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the recovery phase of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, up to 25% of relapses have been reported. Herein, we aimed to clinically characterize these relapses, analyze potential clinical predictors during the first episode, and evaluate the impact of immunotherapy in their occurrence. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis relapses between January 2007 and June 2022 at the French Reference Center for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis with a follow-up longer than 1 year. RESULTS: = 0.01). DISCUSSION: Relapses of anti-NMDAR encephalitis are uncommon, mostly monosymptomatic, and less severe than the first episode. At onset, presenting CSF pleocytosis or an underlying tumor decreases the risk of relapses. In addition, the early administration of first-line and second-line immunotherapies, particularly rituximab, could protect against further relapses.
Authors: Nicolás Lundahl Ciano-Petersen, Macarena Villagrán-García, Sergio Muñiz-Castrillo, Antonio Farina, Alberto Vogrig, David Goncalves, Fabien Nicole, Véronique Rogemond, Geraldine Picard, Mélodie Aubart, Dimitri Psimaras, Begoña Oliver, Pedro J. Serrano-Castro, Bastien Joubert, Jerome Honnorat
Institutions: Lyon 1 Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Mécanismes en sciences intégratives du vivant, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre, University of Udine, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia di Udine, Azienda sanitaria universitaria Friuli Centrale, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut des Maladies Génétiques Imagine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga
Language: English
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,450
Funder: Agence Nationale de la Recherche
OpenAlex ID: W4411399611