Work

Parental and individual socioeconomic position show distinct associations with trajectories of diet quality across adolescence and early adulthood

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adolescence and early adulthood is an important period for the development of health behaviours and diet quality, which may persist through adult life. Socioeconomic position (SEP) during early adulthood shows associations with inequalities in diet quality and cardiometabolic health later in adulthood, yet little is known about how dietary inequalities develop during adolescence and early adulthood. This study aimed to identify distinct diet quality trajectories observed across adolescence and early adulthood; and explore the association between parental and individual SEP and these trajectories. METHODS: The Raine Study is a large multigenerational cohort (n=1984) based in Western Australia. Dietary data was self-reported at five time points from ages 14 to 27 years. Growth mixture modelling was used to identify distinct diet quality trajectories based on Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the associations of parental SEP (maternal education level; and household income at age 14) and individual SEP (school leaving age) with diet quality trajectory membership. RESULTS: Three diet quality trajectories were identified: consistently low quality (41%), low-to-high quality (42%), and consistently high quality (16%). The 'low-to-high' diet quality trajectory showed a steep increase in diet quality from ages 14 to 20 years. Higher parental SEP was associated with a higher diet quality trajectory. After adjusting for parental SEP, leaving school before year 11 remained strongly associated with the low diet quality trajectory. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the development of dietary inequalities across adolescence and early adulthood, highlighting the importance of emerging individual SEP, in addition to parental SEP in shaping this. Interventions to improve diet quality in early adulthood are particularly needed among those who leave education at a young age.

Source: Appetite

DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108165

Authors: Oscar Rousham, Tanya Braune, Trevor A. Mori, Lawrence J. Beilin, Eleanor M. Winpenny

Institutions: University of Sheffield, University of Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, The University of Western Australia, Imperial College London

Language: English

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet

Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Reduced inequalities, Zero hunger

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,190