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Disseminated iatrogenic Kaposi sarcoma in an individual with autoimmune hemolytic anemia from India– A rare case report

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Kaposi sarcoma is a rare vascular neoplasm associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus infection. There are four clinical forms of KS, of which Classic and Iatrogenic Kaposi Sarcoma are rare in India. Our patient, a middle-aged woman, presented with generalized lymphadenopathy along with papulonodular skin lesions in the right thigh and gingival mucosa, with an antecedent history of Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia (AIHA) treated with corticosteroids. The histopathology of the lymph node excision revealed a Vaso formative lesion with proliferative spindle cells expressing ERG, CD31, CD34 and Human Herpes virus 8 (HHV8) by immunohistochemistry. The patient was tested seronegative for HIV 1 and 2. Hence, a diagnosis of Kaposi Sarcoma with disseminated mucosal and lymph node metastasis was established. The patient was administered systemic chemotherapy with Liposomal Doxorubicin and is on regular follow-up with no disease progression. We present this case due to its rarity of presentation in an individual of Indian ethnicity preceded by corticosteroid therapy for AIHA for a 6-month duration.

Source: Human Pathology Reports

DOI: 10.1016/j.hpr.2025.300778

Authors: Dhivya Nanjundamoorthi, Suganthi Krishnamurthy, Prabhu Pandurangan

Institutions: Apollo Hospitals, Apollo Hospitals, Apollo Hospitals

Language: English

Topic: Viral-associated cancers and disorders

Subfield: Oncology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,160