Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Artificial ice systems enable imaging of individual interaction units and the design of exotic frustrated lattices that are difficult to access in natural ice. However, weak interactions and inherent quenched disorder have hampered the observation of true long-range ordered crystalline states and the investigation of their underlying physics. Here, we design a new artificial ice composed of macromagnets arranged in a geometrically frustrated kagome lattice. For the first time, a crystalline phase exhibiting both spin and charge order is realized by strategically placing macromagnets into the lattice to minimize both local and global interaction energies. We further demonstrate the controllability of various ice states and phase transitions. This macromagnet ice provides a unique platform to probe elusive states and complex many-body interactions in ice systems.
Source: Newton
Institutions: Shanghai University, University of Antwerp
Language: English
Subfield: Condensed Matter Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $5,460
OpenAlex ID: W4411438367