Manganese exposure and its U-shaped relationship with diabetic retinopathy: analysis of NHANES 2011–2020
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background Although many studies have pointed to the role of manganese in various diseases. However, there are surprisingly few studies on the potential relationship between manganese and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The available literature fails to provide definitive conclusions regarding the directionality and strength of this particular association. Methods The analytical cohort comprised 2,558 adults from NHANES 2011–2020 cycles. We employed binary logistic regression to evaluate manganese-DR associations, supplemented by subgroup analyses, nonparametric smoothing techniques, and propensity score weighting to address potential confounding. Results Our multivariate model failed to find a significant linear relationship between manganese concentration and the likelihood of DR (p > 0.05). However, we found that manganese levels above 7.66 μg/L DR were less severe (adjusted OR = 0.84, p = 0.0007). This suggests a nonlinear dose–response relationship. Conclusion The manganese and DR relationship followed a U-shaped dose–response pattern. The least severe condition was observed at 7.66 μg/L, while the disease was aggravated at both insufficient and excessive concentrations.
Source: Frontiers in Nutrition
Authors: Xi Chen, Zhenzhen Gu, Yixin Qi, Xiaofeng Hao, Like Xie
Institution: China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,801
OpenAlex ID: W4411451626