Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-smokeless Tobacco: An Easy Tool for Assessment of Nicotine Dependence and Planning its Management
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Export Introduction: Surplus use of tobacco is very common and one of the most significant health challenges in India. Among smokers who recognize the dangers associated with tobacco, a majority express a desire to quit. It is crucial to identify these individuals, evaluate their level of dependency, and develop a comprehensive treatment strategy that includes effective counseling and appropriate medication. The “Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND),” “heaviness of smoking index,” and “FTND-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST)” are trusted methods for assessing “nicotine dependence in tobacco users.” Methods: There is currently no published data on the severity-based Ayurvedic management of nicotine dependence assessed through the FTND and FTND-ST scales. As a pilot study, an initial group of 30 participants – 15 each for smoking and smokeless forms of tobacco use, was selected using simple random sampling. These participants were asked to complete the appropriate FTND questionnaire. Based on the outcomes of this preliminary phase, a larger sample size will be considered for the main study. Results: In the ST using group, out of 15, 6 individuals had scores ranging from 1 to 2, 3 individuals scored between 3 and 4, 4 individuals had scores ranging from 5 to 7, and 2 individuals scored 0. Similarly, in the group who smoked, 12 individuals scored between 5 and 7, and 3 individuals scored 8. Conclusion: FTND and FTND-ST questionnaires are self-reporting, easy and less time-consuming. The sum of the scores in both of these can give a good idea regarding the severity of nicotine dependence and be a good tool for strategic planning of the management of such patients.
Source: Journal of Ayurveda
Authors: Romesh Kumar Jaiswal, Girish Singh, K Shobha Bhat
Institutions: Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4411631789