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Anti‐MDR Escherichia coli Activity, Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Potential of Azadirachta indica A. Juss Ethanolic Leaf Extract: An HR‐LCMS‐Based Profiling Study

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The rise of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) poses a critical challenge due to limited treatment options. This study evaluates the anti‐MDR E. coli activity, phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant potential, and bioactive compounds in ethanolic leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Among 115 MDR E. coli isolates, 61.7% showed susceptibility to the extract, with inhibition zones of 8–15 mm. The extract exhibited high phenolic (53.6 ± 0.444 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (84.3 ± 0.889 mg QE/g) content, which may account for its strong antioxidant activity based on total antioxidant capacity (ascorbic acid IC 50 : 9.0 ± 0.255 μ g/mL), although it showed only moderate free radical scavenging ability (DPPH IC 50 : 406.69 ± 1.64 μ g/mL). High‐resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HR‐LCMS) analysis identified 153 and 107 metabolites in negative and positive ESI modes, respectively, with several displaying antibacterial properties. The presence of alkaloids, phosphoramidates, and phenolic compounds supports its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential.

Source: The Scientific World JOURNAL

DOI: 10.1155/tswj/6593165

Authors: Soma Kanta Baral, Samita Bhasima, Indira Parajuli, Krishna Das Manandhar, Pramod Poudel

Institutions: Tribhuvan University, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences

Language: English

Topic: Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity

Subfield: Food Science

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $860