Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: У статті розкрито характерні особливості розвитку економіки України та економічної політики, що проводилася з 1991 по 2023 рр.Розкрито зміст основних напрямів економічної політики в умовах ринкової трансформації в перше десятиліття незалежності України; наведено низку чинників, які гальмували здійснення трансформаційних перетворень.Зазначається, що серед труднощів на шляху становлення національної економіки в період з 1991 по 1994 роки були стара партійно-державна номенклатура, криміналізація економіки, некомпетентність керівництва, а також певна неготовність до нових економічних умов усього суспільства, яке звикло до соціалістичних стереотипів.Автори розкрили зміст економічних досягнень України в ринкових реформах кінця 90-х рр.двадцятого століття, зокрема стабілізації національної валюти; лібералізація цін, валютних курсів, механізмів зовнішньої торгівлі; призупинення товарного дефіциту.Автори представили детальний аналіз розвитку економіки України, крізь призму реформ, проведених в умовах трансформаційних змін двадцять першого століття.Ключові слова: трансформаційні зміни, національна економіка, ВВП, індекс цін, інфляція, індекс споживчих цін, реформи, соціально-економічні показники, програми розвитку.Statement of the problem.The main economic task in Ukraine after the declaration of its independence (August 24, 1991) was to ensure the transition from a command-centralized to a market economy and, on this basis, to raise the standard of living of the people.A transition period has begun in Ukraine, the main goal f which was to transform the social system, including all its essential components: economic, political, legal, moral [1, 2].Ensuring such a transition was carried out on the basis of the implementation of the national economic policy approved in March 1992 by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.The main directions of this policy in the conditions of market transformation were defined as follows: structural restructuring of the economy of Ukraine.Its implementation was expected due to the conversion of the defense industry; redistribution of material and labor resources in favor of those industries that provide the population with consumer goods; reorientation of mechanical engineering to meet the needs of the agro-industrial complex, light and food industry.Exit from the ruble zone was announced; introduction into the economic life of the law of Ukraine "On Privatization of Property of State Enterprises".This created conditions for the formation of small and joint enterprises, societies of various levels of responsibility, cooperatives, etc.; implementation of the laws "On Peasant (Farm) Economy" and "On Forms of Land Ownership", which contributed to the creation of the foundation for various market forms of land management [3, 4].A number of factors inhibited the implementation of transformational transformations.Among them, the following are distinguished in economic science: its total expropriation inherited from a centralized economy, the dominance of monopoly, command forms and methods of economic development, structural and territorial disproportionality, significant militarization of the economy, a catastrophic ecological situation, a psychological climate of collective passivity, etc.; lack of a coherent concept of the transition to a market economy; mechanical transfer of the experience of forming a market economy in developed countries to the specific conditions of Ukraine; insufficient attitude of the countryʼs state apparatus to reform the economy; development of market relations in conditions of insufficient state regulation of economic processes, which led to the formation of a "wild" market; severance of economic relations with the former union republics of the Soviet Union; huge energy dependence of the Ukrainian economy on Russian energy carriers. Analysis of recent research and publications.There are many scientific and journalistic articles and program documents that consider the issues of patterns of formation of the national economy of Ukraine and transformational changes of the economy in the 21st century.The following scientists laid the foundation for solving individual problems within the framework of this issue: O. Bohdan, V. Bazylevich, P. Bogynia [3], B. Danylyshyn [5], A. Ignatiuk, N. Kraus [4], K. Kraus [6, 7], I. Lukinov [2], N. Tymochko [8], M. Lytvyn [1], O. Manzhura [3], A .Chuhno [9, 10]; work in the practical field of new forms of formation and development of the innovative digital economy was carried out by practitioners, in particular V. Geets, A. Grytsenko, E. Libanova, T. Yefimenko, P. Poroshenko, A. Kinakh, P. Leonenko.However, at the moment, questions regarding the development of a retrospective analysis of the transformational processes that took place in the economy of Ukraine at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century and the socio-economic condition in the country under martial law, as well as the clarification of the causes and consequences, remain unsolved, reforms carried out in Ukraine over 30 years.The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of Ukraine through the prism of transformational changes and reforms.Clarification of obstacles and challenges in the formation of the national economy in the conditions of openness of economies and European integration processes in the period from 1991 to 2013, presentation of existing changes from 2014 to 2023.Scientific understanding and elaboration of already existing development programs and, on the basis of this knowledge, the disclosure of today's state of the economy. Research methodology.The research used general scientific methods, such as methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, in order to clarify the threats and opportunities, strengths and weaknesses of the implemented reforms and implemented socio-economic development programs over 32 years.The method of scientific description made it possible to outline the main postulates of the formation of the national economy through the prism of transformational processes and reforming
Authors: N. Andrusiak, T. Andrusiak
Language: English
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4411731763