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COVID-19 Unmasked: trajectories, risk and protective factors for mental health outcomes in young Australian children during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Objective: Emerging evidence suggests a negative impact of COVID-19 on children's mental health. The aims of this study were to examine trajectories of mental health in children younger than 6 years as well as risk and protective factors during the first year of the pandemic. Method: = 257 participating at all 4 timepoints. Individual trajectories ofanxiety, anger/irritability, depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance were analysed using latent growth mixture modelling. Results: The results showed that 1 in 4 children experienced moderate to severe symptoms in each problem domain. The overall means for depressive symptoms, anger/irritability, and sleep disturbance decreased while anxiety increased over time. For most outcomes, two individual trajectories were identified: moderate/high-decreasing (26-29%) andlow-increasing. Important predictors were negative COVID-19 related impact on daily life, caregiver distress, lower child positive affect and self-regulation. Conclusions: The current results highlight that the pandemic indirectly affected young children's mental health, especially in the presence of risk factors such as caregiver distress and poor child self-regulation skills.

Source: Australian Journal of Psychology

DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2025.2519037