Associations between footwear fit and developmental milestones in toddlers: a cross-sectional study
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: [Purpose] To investigate the relationship between footwear characteristics and motor development in toddlers walking independently. [Participants and Methods] A total of 13 toddlers (mean age: 26.5 ± 4.5 months) were included. Footwear characteristics, including size, presence of a heel counter, and flex point alignment, were assessed. Motor development was evaluated using the Enjoji Analytical Developmental Test. [Results] Improperly fitted footwear was frequently observed. A significant positive correlation was identified between appropriately sized footwear and locomotor development. [Conclusion] These findings underscore the importance of correctly fitted footwear to support optimal motor development in toddlers.
DOI: 10.1589/jpts.37.336
Authors: Kenji Takaki, Yasuaki Kusumoto, Eri Takahashi
Institutions: Tokyo University of Technology, Fukushima Medical University
Language: English
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4411796355