Work

Green Synthesis of Silver and Titanium Nanoparticles Using Spinacia oleracea and Their Antimicrobial Assessment

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The synthesis of nanoparticles through chemical processes presents several issues, including cost and toxicity, in comparison to green synthesis. Keeping in mind the importance of green synthesis, silver oxide (Ag 2 O) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) were biosynthesized using the extract of Spinacia oleracea . Both Ag 2 O and TiO 2 NPs were characterized entirely using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed that Ag 2 O and TiO 2 exhibit cubic and tetragonal crystal structures, with crystallite sizes of 17.6 nm and 14.3 nm, respectively. EDX confirmed the elemental composition, establishing the effective formation of Ag 2 O and TiO 2 NPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of antibacterial activities using a disk diffusion method against six bacterial strains. The Ag 2 O NPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy, with a zone inhibition of 21.2 ± 0.9 mm against Neisseria gonorrhoeae , whereas TiO 2 NPs showed excellent performance toward Halomonas halophila with a 27.0 ± 1.1 mm inhibition zone. This research implies that green synthesis of Ag 2 O and TiO 2 NPs is a new antibacterial approach with great effectiveness against bacterial strains, which may be used in the future to cure infectious diseases.

Source: ChemistrySelect

DOI: 10.1002/slct.202501636