Work

Type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease benefits from long-term restriction of dietary protein intake: a 10-year retrospective cohort study

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between long-term dietary protein intake (DPI) restriction and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a retrospective study in both T2DM with CKD cohort from eight centers, with a follow-up period from January 2014 to September 2023 and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. DPI was evaluated based on the serum urea creatinine ratio (sUCR). The primary outcomes included initiation of dialysis, progression to end-stage renal disease, renal transplant, serum creatinine doubling, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In the T2DM with CKD cohort, 820 patients were selected from a total of 856 and categorized into three groups, propensity score matching at a 1:1:1 ratio, according to their DPI sUCR levels. The median follow-up time was 32.94 months. Patients on a restricted protein diet (DPI sUCR ≤ 1.0 g/kg·d) showed improved prognosis and delayed progression to primary endpoints. In CKD stages 3–4, patients with DPI sUCR < 0.8 g/kg·d exhibited significantly improves prognosis. Similarly, in the NHANES cohort, 1723 patients were classified into 3 groups, with a median follow-up time of 87.19 months. A restricted protein diet (DPI sUCR ≤ 1.0 g/kg·d) markedly improved prognosis and reduced mortality. Our data provide the strong evidence that T2DM patients with CKD benefits from long-term restriction of DPI sUCR ≤ 1.0 g/kg·d by improving composite endpoints. In T2DM patients with CKD at stages 3–4, an intensive restriction of DPI sUCR (< 0.8 g/kg·d) significantly improved composite endpoint. Not applicable.

Source: BMC Nutrition

DOI: 10.1186/s40795-025-01119-w