Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The solubility of vanadium in perovskite-structured $$\text {BaTiO}_{3}$$ BaTiO 3 is analyzed via X-ray powder diffraction as a function of two key variables for multi-layer ceramic capacitor applications: A/B cation ratio and oxygen partial pressure. A low solubility limit of around 0.2 mol% V is measured for B-site rich ( $$A/B=0.997$$ A / B = 0.997 ) compositions and < 0.2 mol% V for A-site rich ( $$A/B=1.001$$ A / B = 1.001 ) compositions when processed in air at $$1100\,^{\circ }$$ 1100 ∘ C. The limited solubility arises from the propensity to form the competing $$\text {Ba}_{3}\text {V}_{2}\text {O}_{8}$$ Ba 3 V 2 O 8 phase, which is enhanced in excess Ba compositions. The solubility of V is, however, significantly increased in reducing atmospheres, to at least 0.4 mol% V in the B-site rich compositions. Only a small increase in the V solubility is observed for A-site rich compositions. The higher solubility in reducing atmospheres is attributed to the stabilization of the lower oxidation states of $$\text {V}^{4+/3+}$$ V 4 + / 3 + in the B-site octahedral coordination.
Source: Journal of Materials Science
Authors: Andrew Aumen, Seonghwan Hong, E. C. Dickey
Institution: Carnegie Mellon University
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,590
OpenAlex ID: W4412478491