Work

A Case Study-Based Framework Integrating Simulation, Policy, and Technology for nZEB Retrofits in Taiwan’s Office Buildings

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs) are central to global carbon reduction strategies, and Taiwan is actively promoting their adoption through building energy performance labeling, particularly in the retrofit of existing buildings. Under Taiwan’s nZEB framework, qualification requires both an A+ energy performance label and over 50% energy savings from retrofit technologies. This study proposes an integrated assessment framework for retrofitting small- to medium-sized office buildings into nZEBs, incorporating diagnostics, technical evaluation, policy alignment, and resource integration. A case study of a bank branch in Kaohsiung involved on-site energy monitoring and EnergyPlus V22.2 simulations to calibrate and assess the retrofit impacts. Lighting improvements and two HVAC scenarios—upgrading the existing fan coil unit (FCU) system and adopting a completely new variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system—were evaluated. The FCU and VRF scenarios reduced the energy use intensity from 141.3 to 82.9 and 72.9 kWh/m2·yr, respectively. Combined with rooftop photovoltaics and green power procurement, both scenarios met Taiwan’s nZEB criteria. The proposed framework demonstrates practical and scalable strategies for decarbonizing existing office buildings, supporting Taiwan’s 2050 net-zero target.

Source: Energies

DOI: 10.3390/en18143854

Authors: Ruey-Lung Hwang, Hung-Chi Chiu

Institution: National Kaohsiung Normal University

Language: English

Topic: Building Energy and Comfort Optimization

Subfield: Building and Construction

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Climate action, Sustainable cities and communities, Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137