Work

Impact of dust on solar photovoltaic panel efficiency in Kampala Uganda

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Dust accumulation on solar photovoltaic (PV) panels significantly reduces efficiency, especially in urban environments. This study examines the effect of cement, plaster, and soil-laterite dust on PV performance in Kampala, Uganda. A clean panel served as a control, while experimental panels were exposed to 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g of each dust type, and power output was determined. The results showed a strong negative correlation between dust accumulation and power output, with higher dust concentrations causing greater efficiency losses. Cement dust had the most severe impact (80.6% power reduction at 30 g) due to its fine particle size (1–100 µm) and high calcium oxide (CaO) content (62.75%), forming a dense, opaque layer. Soil-laterite dust, with larger particles (60–2000 µm) and high ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) content, led to a 72.8% power loss, while plaster dust caused a 68.3% decline. These findings highlight the need for regular cleaning, anti-soiling coatings, and improved panel positioning to mitigate dust-related losses.

Source: Energy Exploration & Exploitation

DOI: 10.1177/01445987251361945

Authors: Afam Uzorka, Musa Bawa, Ali Mohamed Omar, Living Ounyesiga, Oluwole Olusegun Akiyode, Ademola Olatide Olaniyan

Institution: Kampala International University

Language: English

Topic: Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems

Subfield: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Field: Energy

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Climate action, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,000