Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This comprehensive review addresses the biological processes used in fermentation, with a focus on the design of various bioreactors such as continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and both aerobic and anaerobic reactors. The review explores the history of fermentation, production stages, different types of bioreactors, and their operational characteristics. It highlights the industrial, medical, and environmental applications of these processes, analyzing factors affecting production efficiency, such as oxygen transfer, temperature control, and pH regulation. As the new developments are incorporated into the enhancement of the productions of antibiotics, enzymes, and other pharmaceutical products, the study reinforces the role of biotechnology in the advancement of the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Authors: Duaa Al-Rekabi, Salih Rushdi
Institution: University of Al-Qadisiyah
Language: English
Topic: Fluid Dynamics and Mixing
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4412520391