Work

Potential of diterpenoid andrographolide in COVID-19 therapy: an insight on its antiviral-, immunomodulatory-, anti-inflammatory-, antioxidant- and antithrombotic- properties

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: ABSTRACT Background Highly effective clinical drugs need to be developed to treat the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pandemic. Andrographolide (Andro), a bioactive labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees, has various pharmacological activities including antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Purpose The study aimed to search extensively the efficacy of Andro against COVID-19 infection and its associated complications and any adverse events. Study design & methods We collected the relevant information presented in this review from scientific literature databases, including Google Scholar, Science-Direct, PubMed and Scifinder using keywords, coronavirus, COVID-19, andrographolide, Andrographis paniculata , pharmacological activity, toxicity and safety. More than 400 units of literature were screened and those relevant to this review were considered. Results The results showed that Andro effectively inhibits the replication of multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2 in different cell lines including human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells superior to remdesivir (IC 50 , 0.034 vs. 0.086 µM) and targets the activity of host ACE2 and viral 3CL-proteases. Moreover, Andro prevents sepsis-related complications in influenza virus-infected or LPS-treated mice, by suppression of inflammation, accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils and oxidative stress in lung tissues through deactivation of NF-κB (via covalent modification of Cys62 of p50) and JAK/STAT and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Andro also effectively inhibits PAF-induced platelet aggregation in human blood without inducing toxicity in PBMC up to 50 µM. In clinical trials in mild COVID-19 patients, Andro and its sulphonates in “Xiyanping” injection (XYP) are safe and effective in suppression of pneumonia. Conclusion The current findings suggest that Andro/XYP could be a promising therapeutic option for COVID-19.

Source: Phytomedicine Plus

DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100850

Authors: Biswanath Dinda, Manikarna Dinda, Subhajit Dinda, Bishu Karmakar

Institutions: Government Degree College, Kamalpur, Tripura State Pollution Control Board

Language: English

Topic: Andrographolide Research and Applications

Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,590